Bromine Atom



Bromine is a dense, mobile, fuming, reddish-brown liquid at room temperature. It has a highly unpleasant odor resembling that of chlorine. Bromine is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in many organic solvents, including carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, acetic acid, and aliphatic alcohols.

  • Monobromine Br CID 5360770 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety.
  • Element Bromine - Br. Comprehensive data on the chemical element Bromine is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Bromine. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements.
  • Bromine (Br), at atomic number 35, has a greater variety of isotopes. The atomic mass of bromine (Br) is 79.90. There are two main isotopes at 79 and 81, which average out to the 79.90amu value. The 79 has 44 neutrons and the 81 has 46 neutrons. Subsequently, question is, what element has 45 neutrons?
A dense, volatile, corrosive, reddish-brown, nonmetallic liquid halogen element that exists as a diatomic molecule, Br2 having a highly irritating vapor. Chiefly isolated from brines, it is used in producing fumigants, dyes, water purification compounds, and photographic chemicals. Atomic weight 79.904; atomic number 35; melting point −7.2°C; boiling point 58.8°C; density of gas 7.59 grams per liter; specific gravity (liquid, at 20°C) 3.12; valence 1, 3, 5, 7.
noun
A chemical element, one of the halogens, usually in the form of a reddish-brown, corrosive liquid, that volatilizes to form a vapor that has an unpleasant odor and is very irritating to mucous membranes: used in making dyes, in photography, and, in the form of certain compounds, in antiknock motor fuel: symbol, Br; at. no. 35

Bromine Atom Map

noun
A reddish-brown volatile element of the halogen group found in compounds occurring in ocean water. The pure form is a nonmetallic liquid that gives off a highly irritating vapor. It is used to make dyes, sedatives, and photographic film. Atomic weight 79.904; atomic number 35; melting point 7.2°C; boiling point 58.78°C; specific gravity 3.12; valence 1, 3, 5, 7.
BromineBromine
(uncountable) A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Br) with an atomic number of 35; one of the halogens.
noun
Bromine

Origin of bromine

Atom
  • From American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition
  • From Frenchbrome, from Ancient Greek βρῶμος (brōmos, “stink”)
    From Wiktionary

Element Bromine - Br

Bromine atom electron configuration

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Bromine is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Bromine. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one's studies.

Bromine Menu

  • Bromine Page One
  • Bromine Page Two
  • Bromine Page Three

Overview of Bromine

  • Atomic Number: 35
  • Group: 17
  • Period: 4
  • Series: Halogens

Bromine's Name in Other Languages

  • Latin: Bromum
  • Czech: Brom
  • Croatian: Brom
  • French: Brome
  • German: Brom - r
  • Italian: Bromo
  • Norwegian: Brom
  • Portuguese: Bromo
  • Russian: Бром
  • Spanish: Bromo
  • Swedish: Brom

Atomic Structure of Bromine

  • Atomic Radius: 1.12Å
  • Atomic Volume: 23.5cm3/mol
  • Covalent Radius: 1.14Å
  • Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)σa/barns: 6.8
  • Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic
  • Electron Configuration:
    1s2 2s2p6 3s2p6d10 4s2p5
  • Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,7
    Shell Model
  • Ionic Radius: 1.96Å
  • Filling Orbital: 4p5
  • Number of Electrons (with no charge): 35
  • Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 45
  • Number of Protons: 35
  • Oxidation States:±1,5
  • Valence Electrons: 4s2p5
    Electron Dot Model

Chemical Properties of Bromine

  • Electrochemical Equivalent: 2.9812g/amp-hr
  • Electron Work Function:
  • Electronegativity: 2.96 (Pauling); 2.74 (Allrod Rochow)
  • Heat of Fusion: 5.286kJ/mol
  • Incompatibilities:
    combustible organics (sawdust, wood, cotton, straw, etc.), oxidizable material, aqueous ammonia, hydrogen, acetylene, phosphorus, aluminum, titanium, mercury, potassium, other metals.
  • Ionization Potential
    • First: 11.814
    • Second: 21.8
    • Third: 36
  • Valence Electron Potential (-eV): -7.35

Physical Properties of Bromine

  • Atomic Mass Average: 79.904
  • Boiling Point: 332.4K 59.25°C 138.65°F
  • Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: N/A
  • Conductivity
    Electrical:
    Thermal: 0.00122 W/cmK
  • Density: 3.119g/cc @ 300K
  • Description:
    Heavy, red-brown, fuming liquid with a choking, irritating odor; causes tears
  • Elastic Modulus:
    • Bulk: 1.9/GPa
  • Enthalpy of Atomization: 111.7 kJ/mole @ 25°C
  • Enthalpy of Fusion: 5.29 kJ/mole
  • Enthalpy of Vaporization: 15.46 kJ/mole
  • Flammablity Class: Noncombustible Liquid
  • Freezing Point:see melting point
  • Heat of Vaporization: 15.438kJ/mol
  • Melting Point: 266.05K -7.1°C 19.2°F
  • Molar Volume: 25.62 cm3/mole
  • Optical Refractive Index: 1.001132
  • Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Liquid
  • Realitive Gas Density (Air=1) = 5.51
  • Specific Heat: 0.473J/gK
  • Vapor Pressure = 5800Pa@-7.1°C

Regulatory / Health

  • CAS Number
    • 7726-95-6
  • UN/NA ID and ERG Guide Number
    • 1744 / 154
  • RTECS: EF9100000
  • NFPA 704
    • Health: 4
    • Fire:
    • Reactivity:
    • Special Hazard:
  • OSHAPermissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
    • 1 ppm = 6.54mg/m3 @ 25°C & 1 atm
    • TWA: 0.1 ppm
  • OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
    • TWA: 0.1 ppm
    • STEL: 0.3 ppm
  • NIOSHRecommended Exposure Limit (REL)
    • TWA: 0.1 ppm
    • STEL: 0.3 ppm
    • IDLH: 3 ppm
  • Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Ingestion; Skin and/or eye contact
  • Target Organs: Respiratory system, eyes, central nervous system, skin
  • Levels In Humans:
    Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
    • Blood/mg dm-3: 4.7
    • Bone/p.p.m: 6.7
    • Liver/p.p.m: 0.2-7
    • Muscle/p.p.m: 7.7
    • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.8-24 mg
    • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 260 mg

Who / Where / When / How

  • Discoverer: Antoine J. Balard/ C. Löwig
  • Discovery Location: Montpellier France/Heidelberg Germany
  • Discovery Year: 1826
  • Name Origin:
    Greek: brômos (stench).
  • Abundance of Bromine:
    • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 0.37
    • Seawater/p.p.m.: 65
    • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
    • Sun (Relative to H=1E12): N/A
  • Sources of Bromine:
    Occurs in compounds in sea water, Dead Sea, natural brines and salt-lake evaporates. World wide production estimated to be around 330,000 tons per year. Main mining areas are USA, Israel, UK, Russia, France and Japan.
  • Uses of Bromine:
    Used for water purification (swimming pools), manufacture of ethylene dibromide (anti-knocking gasoline), bleaching, organic synthesis, solvent, analytical reagent, fire retardant for plastics, pharmaceuticals, shrink-proofing wool.
  • Additional Notes:

Bromine Menu

  • Bromine Page One
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  • Bromine Page Three

References

A list of reference sources used to compile the data provided on our periodic table of elements can be found on the main periodic table page.

Related Resources

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  • Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
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  • Chemical Database
    This database focuses on the most common chemical compounds used in the home and industry.

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Bromine Atom Model

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Bromine - Br. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2021. Accessed on-line: 4/25/2021
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Bromine Atomic Mass

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Bromine Atomic Mass

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